Iqbal’s Reconstruction

An Analysis of Iqbal’s Philosophy and the Synthesis of Eastern Tradition with Western Modernity

Abstract

This article explores Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s seminal work, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, highlighting his efforts to reconcile Islamic traditions with Western knowledge while preserving the chronological and textual essence of Islam. It delves into Iqbal’s dynamic vision of Islamic modernism, which emphasizes a proactive reinterpretation of Islam in a 20th-century context, allowing for both spiritual and socio-political growth. The distinction between modernity, modernism, and modernization in relation to Iqbal’s philosophy is examined, showcasing his synthesis of rationality and metaphysical beliefs while maintaining a critical stance towards Western influence. Fazlur Rahman’s perspectives on Iqbal’s complex relationship with Western intellectualism and his advocacy for a revival of Islam are also considered. The article outlines how Iqbal integrated Eastern and Western thought, blending his poetic and philosophical expressions to promote a critical yet adaptive interpretation of Islamic and Western ideas, rejecting blind imitation and conservatism. Iqbal’s work underscores the necessity for reformation and reinterpretation within Islam, rooted in its original ethos and adapted to contemporary challenges. By advocating for a new ilm-ul-kalam (Islamic theology) founded on modern scientific and philosophical principles, Iqbal sought to align Islamic beliefs with empirical sciences, emphasizing a holistic understanding of reality. His views on the convergence of religion and science, the restructuring of Islamic faith, and the socio-political revival of the Muslim world are examined in-depth, alongside his critique of rigid nationalism and traditionalist stagnation. The article concludes by recognizing Iqbal’s influence as a modern Muslim reformer and intellectual bridge between Eastern and Western thought, who envisioned the revival of Islam through intellectual, moral, and political awakening. His legacy is one of inspiration and a call for Muslims to shape their destiny by reconnecting with the dynamic, spiritual essence of Islam, balancing tradition with modern realities.