Revelation, Divine Names, and the Universality of Prophetic Guidance in Ibn al-‘Arabi’s Thought

Abstract

This article explores Ibn al-‘Arabi’s unique approach to understanding divine reality, prophecy, and religious universality, diverging from traditional theological methodologies. Ibn al-‘Arabi emphasizes that all created things are interconnected through their divine origins, with the universe reflecting God’s names. Human beings, uniquely created in God’s image, are endowed with the capacity to embody all of God’s names, but only through the guidance of prophets. Ibn al-‘Arabih critiques the limits of human reason and emphasizes the necessity of revelation, which balances God’s incomparability and similarity, leading to true spiritual knowledge. The article also examines Ibn al-‘Arabi’s views on the universality of revealed religions, arguing that the essential message of all prophets is the same, with particularities defining each tradition. He rejects the notion that Islam abrogates previous religions, instead likening Islam to the sun, which overshadows but does not nullify the stars (other religions). The article delves into a mythic narrative from Ibn al-‘Arabi’s Futuhat al-Makkiyah, where the divine names, personified as agents of creation, come together to manifest the cosmos. This story illustrates the ontological necessity of revelation and how it establishes order and balance in the universe. Lastly, the article highlights Ibn al-‘Arabi’s appreciation for rational thinkers who follow the prophetic path, distinguishing them from those who engage in philosophical debates without true spiritual insight. Ibn al-‘Arabi’s philosophical and mystical insights offer a profound understanding of divine wisdom, the role of prophets, and the interconnectedness of all creation.