The Journey from Īmān bil Ghaib to Īmān bil Hudur

The Role of Science, Divine Ancestry, and Humanity’s Place in Creation

Abstract

Throughout human history, there has been a gradual but inevitable transition from the concept of Īmān bil Ghaib (faith in the unseen) to Īmān bil Hudur (faith in the known). This trajectory reflects an irreversible progression toward enlightenment, culminating in a time often referred to as the Day of Rising. The development of science, an integral part of this process, is intertwined with humanity’s quest for knowledge and wisdom. In the face of existential challenges, humans have historically attributed their origins to divine or supernatural forces, creating hierarchical societies based on notions of divine ancestry. Over time, these ideas evolved, giving rise to the concept of vicegerency, where ruling elites claimed to be the deputies of divine powers.

This paper explores how these ancient ideas of divine rulership re-emerged in both aristocratic and democratic forms, influencing religious consciousness and worldviews. It traces the evolution of theological and scientific thought concerning human origins, particularly through the lens of revealed scriptures, such as the Qur’an and the Bible. By analyzing Qur’anic references to creation, this paper delves into how these texts align with modern scientific understanding of the earth’s formation, the origin of life, and the evolution of mankind. Furthermore, it examines the role of humanity as Khalifa (successor) on earth, challenging the anthropocentric view that humans are the crown of creation, highlighting instead the vastness of God’s creation and the interconnectedness of all life.

In doing so, the paper also addresses the limitations of human understanding and explores the implications of mankind’s self-perception in light of the Qur’anic revelations. It ultimately argues that while humans hold a unique position due to their capacity for speech and knowledge, their role as God’s vicegerent does not confer superiority over other creations, including the angels. Rather, the paper calls for a deeper reflection on mankind’s responsibilities within the broader context of the universe’s divine order.